Standards and reporting
Financed Emissions
Financed emissions reporting connects a defined portfolio, attribution methods and supporting evidence.
What are financed emissions?
UK SRS S2 describes financed emissions as emissions attributed to loans and investments, with additional activity-specific disclosures for asset management, commercial banking and insurance UK SRS S2 paragraphs 29A and B59.
Module 01 / 04
Population
Identify loans and investments.
Module 02 / 04
Counterparty
Identify whose emissions enter the calculation.
Module 03 / 04
Attribution
Apply the selected method to the relevant exposure.
Module 04 / 04
Purpose
Identify the reporting output the estimate supports.
Read the detailed guidance and evidence
The standards overview separates reporting requirements from the accounting methods used to prepare information, while Scope 3 emissions explains the broader inventory.
Which question should be settled before calculating?
This editorial scoping record keeps a portfolio inventory from being mistaken for every climate-related financial-services output.
| Question | Record to retain |
|---|---|
| Who reports? | The legal entity, group and reporting purpose |
| What is measured? | The activity and investment population included |
| Which method applies? | The PCAF part, edition and asset-class approach |
| What is disclosed? | The output requirements, exclusions and judgements |
Read the detailed guidance and evidence
The GHG Protocol investment guidance distinguishes investment types and managed-investment activities, so its category description should not be silently substituted for UK SRS S2’s own activity requirements GHG Protocol Chapter 15 UK SRS S2 paragraph B59.
What does PCAF add to the reporting process?
PCAF supplies financial-industry accounting methods, with current Part A addressing financed emissions and separate parts addressing facilitation and insurance-associated emissions PCAF current standards.
Module 01 / 04
Edition
Record the actual standard edition rather than a download filename.
Module 02 / 04
Asset class
Classify the exposure before selecting a calculation.
Module 03 / 04
Inputs
Retain the values and source records used.
Module 04 / 04
Disclosure
Read the method’s reporting provisions separately.
Read the detailed guidance and evidence
The December 2025 Part A third edition is the current financed-emissions method in this guide, not a claim that PCAF is universally mandatory PCAF Part A cover and scope.
The FCA’s issuer rules use comply or explain across UK SRS and do not turn a method selection into an independent compliance verdict PS26/19 paragraphs 1.2 and 3.6.
Which emissions associations must remain distinguishable?
These are different measurement tasks even when one financial group participates in all of them.
| Association | Relevant distinction |
|---|---|
| Lending and investment | Financed emissions are addressed in PCAF Part A |
| Capital-market facilitation | Part B addresses facilitation rather than balance-sheet financing |
| Insurance underwriting | Part C addresses insurance-associated emissions |
| Insurer investment assets | UK SRS S2 B63 concerns financed emissions from loans and investments |
Read the detailed guidance and evidence
Part B and Part C therefore deserve separate population and method decisions rather than being treated as additional labels for the same financed-emissions figure PCAF Part B executive summary PCAF Part C scope UK SRS S2 paragraph B63.
Why does the asset classification matter?
PCAF attribution denominators vary by asset class and counterparty type, so using one portfolio-wide denominator can produce a plausible but unsupported result PCAF Part A Chapter 5.
Module 01 / 04
Instrument
Read the exposure’s actual financing characteristics.
Module 02 / 04
Borrower
Distinguish listed from private-company treatment where relevant.
Module 03 / 04
Purpose
Check whether financing has a known use of proceeds.
Module 04 / 04
Denominator
Select the value required by the chosen method.
Read the detailed guidance and evidence
For business lending to a private company, the method uses total company equity and debt, whereas business lending to a listed company uses EVIC PCAF Part A section 5.2.
How does a simple private-company loan example work?
Fictional example: Rookhaven Bank tests a general-purpose loan to a private company using deliberately simple illustrative figures.
| Illustrative input | Value | Review point |
|---|---|---|
| Outstanding loan | £20 million | Reconcile the balance to the selected exposure date |
| Company equity plus debt | £100 million | Confirm the private-company denominator and source |
| Counterparty emissions for one scope | 1,000 tCO₂e | Keep emissions scope and reporting period explicit |
| Attributed result | 200 tCO₂e | 20 ÷ 100 × 1,000, before any aggregation |
Read the detailed guidance and evidence
The example illustrates the section 5.2 attribution relationship only, with the same method needing its other applicable measurement and reporting provisions considered PCAF Part A section 5.2.
What should Rookhaven challenge before accepting that result?
A correct multiplication does not establish a complete or comparable inventory because exposure selection, denominator and emissions evidence can each be wrong.
Module 01 / 04
Exposure
Check repayments and whether the chosen balance is the right input.
Module 02 / 04
Entity match
Confirm the denominator and emissions concern the same company.
Module 03 / 04
Period
Identify each source’s date and reporting interval.
Module 04 / 04
Scope
Keep counterparty Scope 3 distinguishable from Scopes 1 and 2.
Read the detailed guidance and evidence
The financed-emissions software guide turns this error into a procurement demonstration.
How should data quality be explained?
A quality assessment should reveal the evidence supporting an estimate rather than conceal different scopes and asset classes inside one attractive score.
| Quality question | Useful reporting distinction |
|---|---|
| Which hierarchy? | Use the relevant asset-class method and edition |
| Which direction? | PCAF scores run from 1 highest quality to 5 lowest |
| Which emissions scopes? | Keep the weighted Scope 3 score separate where reported |
| Which weighted summary? | Explain the outstanding-amount weighting and its coverage |
Read the detailed guidance and evidence
PCAF says institutions should publish an outstanding-amount-weighted score or explain inability, and separately report the weighted Scope 3 score when reporting those emissions PCAF Part A section 6, page 167.
The joint PCAF/CDP paper explains why lower-quality starting estimates should lead to improvement rather than silence PCAF/CDP data-quality paper.
How do the UK and IFRS reporting texts affect the calculation file?
The December 2025 IFRS S2 text includes targeted emissions amendments, while the UK text must be checked for its own provisions and application route IFRS S2 paragraphs 29A–29C UK SRS S2 paragraphs 29A–29C.
Module 01 / 04
Activity
Identify the relevant financial-activity disclosure.
Module 02 / 04
Limitation
Record any permitted Category 15 limitation actually used.
Module 03 / 04
Timing
Assess same-period financed-emissions estimation.
Module 04 / 04
Application
Separate the standard from the rule applying it.
Read the detailed guidance and evidence
UK paragraph B59A adds reasons, method information and a plan including timeline where same-period reliable financed-emissions estimation is impracticable UK SRS S2 paragraph B59A.
The UK financial-services guide explains the separate issuer and sourcebook routes without implying every regulated firm has a UK SRS obligation.
Does a portfolio decrease prove real-economy decarbonisation?
This editorial movement review separates changes in measurement and portfolio composition from changes in underlying counterparty emissions.
| Possible driver | Evidence to compare |
|---|---|
| Loan repayment | Outstanding exposure and the attribution change |
| Changed counterparty emissions | Comparable activity and emissions information |
| New source or estimate | Input vintage and methodological change |
| Portfolio disposal | The population removed from the inventory |
Read the detailed guidance and evidence
PCAF Part A addresses fluctuation analysis, while UK SRS S2 requires explanation of changes to measurement approach, inputs and assumptions PCAF Part A reporting provisions UK SRS S2 paragraph 29(a)(iii).
Does using PCAF make the disclosure independently assured?
A named calculation method is distinct from an independent assurance engagement with specified information, criteria, period and level ISSA (UK) 5000 paragraphs 75–80 and 190.
Module 01 / 04
Method
Identify the calculation basis actually used.
Module 02 / 04
Coverage
Explain included and excluded exposure populations.
Module 03 / 04
Uncertainty
Describe material estimation limitations.
Module 04 / 04
Assurance
Read the independent conclusion and its precise scope.
Read the detailed guidance and evidence
UK SRS S1’s measurement-uncertainty requirements help keep estimation limitations visible in a reporting context UK SRS S1 paragraphs 77–82.
The UK SRS assurance guide distinguishes preparation from assurance, and consultancy procurement helps define the remaining measurement work.
Which claims need a final wording check?
Make the statement match the method, evidence and work actually completed.
| Draft claim | Better review question |
|---|---|
| “PCAF mandatory for every lender” | Which actual instrument applies to this entity? |
| “All portfolio data verified” | Which sources or disclosures were independently assessed? |
| “One score proves quality” | Which scope, method and population does the score describe? |
| “GHG Protocol approved current edition” | Which edition and asset classes received the stated review? |
Read the detailed guidance and evidence
PCAF states that additions in later editions and December 2025 methods have not yet been reviewed by GHG Protocol, so the historical conformance mark cannot be expanded to all current content PCAF Built on GHG Protocol statement.
What should a reviewer be able to reconstruct?
Keep the population and method decisions beside the result so a successor can understand the inventory without rebuilding the preparer’s memory.
Module 01 / 04
Population
Exposure reconciliation and exclusions.
Module 02 / 04
Calculation
Asset classification and source inputs.
Module 03 / 04
Judgement
Alternative methods and selection reasons.
Module 04 / 04
Publication
Approved disclosure and limitations.
Read the detailed guidance and evidence
A software procurement brief can require this export, while the Scope 3 guide explains the wider disclosure context.
How can the team prepare the inventory?
This editorial sequence supports preparation rather than certification or a prescribed legal process.
- 101
Define the purpose
Identify entity, reporting route and intended output. - 202
Reconcile exposures
Freeze the selected investment and lending population. - 303
Classify the methods
Record asset class, PCAF part and edition. - 404
Match counterparties
Resolve legal-entity and source-coverage mismatches. - 505
Select the inputs
Retain dates, denominators and estimation evidence. - 606
Calculate by scope
Keep attribution and emissions-scope results distinguishable. - 707
Review quality
Apply method-specific hierarchies and explain limitations. - 808
Explain movements
Separate portfolio, activity and methodological changes. - 909
Approve and retain
Preserve the publication, decisions and reproducible calculation file.
Frequently asked
Questions people ask
Is PCAF reporting mandatory in the UK?
PCAF is a method choice rather than a universal UK obligation, and the relevant reporting route must be assessed separately.
Which PCAF edition does this guide use?
It uses Part A Third Edition, December 2025, while Part B and Part C address different emissions associations.
Is EVIC the denominator for every company?
No, the private-company business-loan method uses equity plus debt while listed-company business lending uses EVIC.
Does a lower PCAF score mean worse data?
PCAF uses 1 for highest quality and 5 for lowest within its relevant method hierarchies.
Are insurer investment and underwriting emissions the same?
No, UK SRS S2 B63 addresses financed loans and investments while PCAF Part C addresses insurance-associated emissions.
Can poor data be treated as zero emissions?
A data limitation needs an appropriate estimation and disclosure assessment rather than an invented zero.
Sources
Primary sources
Primary provisions and official owner guidance checked on 26 October 2026; historical and draft resources are labelled in the guide.
- PCAFThe Global GHG Accounting and Reporting Standard: current editions
- PCAFFinanced Emissions, Part A, Third Edition, December 2025
- PCAFFacilitated Emissions, Part B executive summary, December 2023
- PCAFInsurance-Associated Emissions, Part C, Second Edition, December 2025
- PCAF and CDPThe importance of data quality in the journey toward decarbonization, June 2023
- GHG ProtocolScope 3 Calculation Guidance, Chapter 15: Investments
- IFRS FoundationIFRS S2, issued December 2025 text
- Department for Business and TradeUK SRS S2: Climate-related Disclosures
- Department for Business and TradeUK SRS S1: General Requirements
- Financial Conduct AuthorityPS26/19: final rules and made instrument
- Financial Reporting CouncilISSA (UK) 5000, November 2025
Continue reading
Read next
Financed-emissions software
Test attribution, data vintages and evidence exports.
UK SRS for financial services
Separate activities and reporting routes.
Scope 3 under UK SRS
Read the wider climate-disclosure requirements.
Sustainability software
Compare the broader reporting workflow.
UK SRS assurance
Read independent engagement boundaries.