Standards and reporting
ESRS E1 climate change
ESRS E1 explains climate reporting under the European Sustainability Reporting Standards, from transition plans and risk to energy, emissions and financial effects.
Which ESRS E1 version should you use?
The revised standard applies to financial years beginning from 1 January 2027, with specified choices for FY2026 under Article 2 Regulation 2026/1563, Articles 2–3.
Module 01 / 03
Report year
Record the financial-year start before choosing a requirement reference.
Module 02 / 03
Published status
On 26 October 2026 the revised act is published but not yet in force.
Module 03 / 03
Chosen basis
FY2026 statements must clearly identify which permitted version they apply.
Read the detailed guidance and evidence
Do not attach revised paragraph numbers to an older reporting basis, because emissions move from the original E1-6 to revised E1-8 Original ESRS E1.
The ESRS overview explains the wider standard set, while CSRD requirements address the separate question of who reports Directive 2026/470.
The SBTi Corporate Net-Zero Standard guide explains version selection, target evidence and the distinction between target validation and achievement.
Does every reporter disclose all of E1?
E1 applies where climate relates to material impacts, risks or opportunities, and information selection follows the materiality assessment ESRS E1 paragraphs 1–2; ESRS 1 paragraphs 24–30.
| Decision | Reporting consequence | Evidence to retain |
|---|---|---|
| Material climate matter | Determine the material information for the relevant topic or sub-topic. | IRO record and reasoned information selection. |
| Climate concluded immaterial | Explain the basis for the conclusion when omitting all E1 requirements. | Basis supporting ESRS 2 IRO-2 paragraph 37(b). |
| Immaterial prescribed information | Do not disclose it as required information, subject to the supplementary-information exception. | Reference the judgement and any separate supplementary presentation. |
Read the detailed guidance and evidence
An impact can make a matter material without a separate financially material risk, so a double-materiality process must not become a requirement to pass both lenses ESRS 1 paragraphs 23–26.
What belongs in a transition-plan disclosure?
E1-1 describes a plan’s key features or, if the specified plan is absent, states that fact and whether and when adoption is expected ESRS E1 paragraphs 12–13.
Module 01 / 03
Transformation
Connect targets and decarbonisation levers with strategy and business model.
Module 02 / 03
Delivery
Explain actions, investments, funding and relevant approval.
Module 03 / 03
Dependencies
Describe assumptions, locked-in emissions and implementation progress.
Read the detailed guidance and evidence
A reporting duty about a transition plan is not itself a requirement to adopt a plan, and an absent-plan disclosure should not pretend that a draft presentation is an approved strategy ESRS E1 paragraph 13.
For the fictional Alder Components example, the review file distinguishes a board-approved furnace replacement from an unfunded option awaiting a network connection.
Must E1 use climate scenario analysis?
Revised E1-2 specifies scenario information if scenario analysis is used, while also requiring an explanation of risk identification and assessment methodology ESRS E1 paragraphs 15–17 and AR 6.
| Record | Useful distinction | Avoid |
|---|---|---|
| Risk classification | Physical hazard versus transition event or trend. | Treating every climate issue as a physical risk. |
| Exposure method | Sites and value-chain activities assessed over relevant time horizons. | A generic description without the scope assessed. |
| Scenarios if used | Scenario ranges, assumptions, operations and timing. | Claiming scenario use where no analysis exists. |
Read the detailed guidance and evidence
The joint ESRS–ISSB interoperability guidance was issued for the earlier ESRS, so use it as a dated mapping aid rather than proof that revised E1 and IFRS S2 are identical 2024 interoperability guidance.
How often must resilience be analysed?
E1 requires the assessment at the reporting date but does not require a fresh resilience analysis annually; updating the climate-IRO assessment triggers an update ESRS E1 paragraph 19 and AR 9.
Module 01 / 03
Results
Show implications for strategy and business model.
Module 02 / 03
Uncertainty
Identify significant limitations in the assessment.
Module 03 / 03
Capacity
Explain ability to adjust assets, resources and plans.
Read the detailed guidance and evidence
Alder’s fictional heat-risk record follows a rented assembly site through a sensitivity review, cooling option and finance review, keeping the lease boundary visible.
The reviewer asks what changed in the underlying assessment rather than merely replacing the date on last year’s narrative.
How do policies, actions and targets fit together?
E1-4, E1-5 and E1-6 draw on the general disclosure requirements for policies, actions and targets, with climate-specific additions ESRS E1 paragraphs 20–24.
| Layer | Reader should understand | Fictional evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Policy | The commitment and its scope. | Approved energy policy with exclusions. |
| Action | Resources and decarbonisation levers. | Furnace-project budget and operating timetable. |
| Target | Coverage, methodology and intended result. | Separate target-boundary and inventory-boundary note. |
Read the detailed guidance and evidence
Keep achieved and expected reductions distinct when describing actions, and disclose the absence of policies, actions or targets where applicable rather than manufacturing a commitment E1 paragraph 22; ESRS 2 paragraph 39.
Can credits meet an E1 reduction target?
GHG reduction targets are gross targets, so removals, carbon credits and avoided emissions do not count as means of achieving them ESRS E1 AR 12.
Module 01 / 03
Coverage
Identify the emissions scopes and their shares where combined.
Module 02 / 03
Differences
Explain where target geography, gases or entities differ from the inventory.
Module 03 / 03
Method
State whether targets are science-based and compatible with limiting warming to 1.5°C.
Read the detailed guidance and evidence
A fictional target covering two factories cannot silently stand for an inventory that also includes a distribution centre.
Use a scope-coverage reconciliation and the target methodology, rather than an unsupported claim that an external logo proves all reporting requirements are met ESRS E1 paragraph 24.
How should energy consumption be organised?
E1-7 reports own-operations energy consumption in MWh, split between fossil, nuclear and renewable sources, with further conditions for high-climate-impact sectors ESRS E1 paragraphs 26–28.
| Source record | Review question | Output control |
|---|---|---|
| Metered electricity | Does consumption match the reporting period and operations boundary? | Retain unit conversion and reconciliation. |
| Purchased fuel | Do records represent consumption rather than an unexplained purchase balance? | Explain the calculation method. |
| Renewable classification | What evidence supports the stated source? | Keep contracts and classification rationale together. |
Read the detailed guidance and evidence
Energy quantities and emissions quantities answer different questions, so preserve both the consumption record and the emission-factor calculation instead of substituting one for the other.
Which emissions belong in E1-8?
E1-8 reports gross Scope 1, both location-based and market-based Scope 2, and significant Scope 3 categories as a total and per category ESRS E1 paragraph 30.
Module 01 / 03
Boundary
Financial control is the default, with equity-share and operational-control alternatives subject to ESRS provisions.
Module 02 / 03
Scope 2
Retain both results and the evidence behind contractual instruments.
Module 03 / 03
Scope 3
Screen categories and document significance and data quality.
Read the detailed guidance and evidence
ESRS requirements prevail where an underlying GHG methodology differs, including the boundary provisions identified in AR 19 ESRS E1 AR 19–20.
The GHG Protocol corporate standard supports the inventory method, with the original Corporate Standard available from the owner.
Review Scope 2 emissions alongside the contractual-instrument quality criteria, and retain the significant-category reasoning behind Scope 3 emissions Scope 2 Guidance Scope 3 Standard.
Where do credits and carbon prices belong?
E1-9 and E1-10 provide separate information about removals, credits and internal carbon pricing rather than reducing the gross emissions inventory ESRS E1 paragraphs 33–37 and AR 20(d).
| Ledger | Record | Do not confuse with |
|---|---|---|
| Gross inventory | Activity, factors, methods and emissions. | Emissions after subtracting purchased credits. |
| Credits and removals | Project information, cancellation status and relevant claims. | A replacement for gross reduction progress. |
| Internal carbon pricing | Decision use, scheme average price and consistency with financial assumptions. | The market purchase price of an offset. |
Read the detailed guidance and evidence
The fictional procurement file records credits purchased and credits cancelled separately, allowing the reviewer to trace a public claim without changing the gross inventory.
Does phase-in remove all E1 financial effects?
No: anticipated-financial-effect reliefs preserve specified asset-risk disclosures in E1-11 paragraphs 39(a)(b) and 40(a)(b) ESRS 1 paragraphs 125–127.
Module 01 / 03
Physical risk
Trace asset exposure and adaptation coverage.
Module 02 / 03
Transition risk
Trace exposure, stranding assumptions and mitigation coverage.
Module 03 / 03
Relief record
Identify the reporter category, reporting year, provision and surviving information.
Read the detailed guidance and evidence
Wave-one provisions refer to calendar financial years, while other undertakings use their first reporting years, so do not apply one generic postponement date ESRS 1 paragraphs 125–127.
Alder’s fictional reviewer reconciles the exposed asset population to finance records and records the basis of any relief rather than deleting the entire financial-effects worksheet.
What should software and advisers demonstrate?
A useful demonstration follows an individual disclosure from source evidence through judgement to the published location, while keeping draft supporting resources separate from the legal standard EFRAG explanatory note, paragraph 1.
| Test | Expected demonstration | Reader benefit |
|---|---|---|
| Version control | Show original and revised references without overwriting historical reports. | A reproducible reporting basis. |
| Evidence lineage | Follow one emission result back to activity, factor and review. | A reviewable calculation. |
| Materiality and relief | Record the reason for omission and surviving disclosures. | An explained decision rather than an empty cell. |
Read the detailed guidance and evidence
Use the CSRD software guide and CSRD consultancy guide to define the handover, rather than treating a completed dashboard as a reporting opinion.
EFRAG’s historical implementation guidance relates to the 2023 ESRS, while the 2026 draft datapoints list and draft taxonomy are supporting resources with distinct roles EFRAG implementation guidance Draft list release Draft taxonomy release.
What makes a disclosure traceable?
A useful register connects the selected requirement to its evidence, reporting judgement and final report location.
Module 01 / 03
Source
Retain the meter batch, contract, approved plan or finance population used.
Module 02 / 03
Judgement
Explain boundary, materiality, uncertainty and any relief.
Module 03 / 03
Output
Identify the reviewed result and final report location.
Read the detailed guidance and evidence
In the fictional Alder file, electricity record E-14 links to meter batch M17 and factor register F4, while its separate market-based result links to contractual evidence.
This example illustrates evidence organisation and does not establish conformity.
How can you review an E1 evidence file?
This editorial sequence helps a reviewer follow the reporting basis, judgements and calculations without treating the sequence as a statutory procedure.
- 101
Fix the reporting basis
Record the year, chosen ESRS version and source-read date. - 202
Retain materiality reasoning
Link climate matters and information selection to the underlying assessment. - 303
Separate plan status
Distinguish approved plans, options and any required absence statement. - 404
Trace risk and resilience
Follow the methods, assumptions and update decisions. - 505
Reconcile policies and delivery
Connect commitments to resources, actions and progress. - 606
Reconcile inventory and targets
Show differences in geography, entities and gases. - 707
Keep separate ledgers
Review energy, gross emissions, removals, credits and internal prices. - 808
Review financial connections
Check exposure populations, assumptions and any relief carve-outs. - 909
Record review and publication
Retain review changes and the location of each disclosed item.
Frequently asked
Questions people ask
Does revised ESRS E1 already apply to every 2026 report?
No: Article 3 applies it to financial years beginning from 1 January 2027, while Article 2 provides specified FY2026 choices.
Must a company have a transition plan?
E1-1 requires a description of the specified plan or disclosure of its absence and whether and when adoption is expected.
Is annual scenario analysis mandatory under revised E1?
Revised E1 requires scenario disclosures if analysis is used and does not require annual resilience analysis.
Does E1 require both Scope 2 methods?
E1-8 specifies location-based and market-based Scope 2 emissions.
Can carbon credits reduce reported gross emissions?
Purchased credits do not reduce the gross emissions calculation and are reported separately where relevant.
Can software guarantee E1 compliance?
No: the reporting basis, materiality judgements, source evidence and applicable reliefs still require review, and the supporting datapoints list does not replace the standard.
Sources
Primary sources
Primary provisions and official owner guidance checked on 26 October 2026; historical and draft resources are labelled in the guide.
- Official Journal of the European UnionRevised ESRS: Regulation (EU) 2026/1563
- EFRAG Knowledge HubRevised ESRS E1 delegated-act text
- GHG ProtocolCorporate Accounting and Reporting Standard
- GHG ProtocolScope 2 Guidance
- GHG ProtocolCorporate Value Chain Scope 3 Standard
- IFRS Foundation and EFRAGESRS–ISSB interoperability guidance
- EFRAGImplementation guidance documents: 2023 ESRS
- Official Journal of the European UnionOriginal ESRS: Regulation (EU) 2023/2772
- EFRAG SecretariatRevised ESRS draft datapoints and XBRL explanatory note
- EFRAG2026 draft datapoints list release
- EFRAGRevised ESRS draft XBRL taxonomy release
- Official Journal of the European UnionDirective (EU) 2026/470
Continue reading
Read next
European reporting standards
See E1 within the wider ESRS architecture.
Double materiality assessment
Understand the decisions preceding data collection.
ESRS datapoints
Separate requirements, workbook rows and reported facts.
Reporting software
Prepare a practical evidence and review demonstration.